1. Beginning, Structure, and Molecular Design
1.1 All-natural Resource and Biochemical Profile
(Animal Protein Frothing Agent)
Pet protein-based frothing agents are acquired largely from hydrolyzed keratin or collagen sourced from abattoir by-products such as hooves, horns, bones, and hides.
Through controlled alkaline or enzymatic hydrolysis, these structural proteins are broken down right into amphiphilic polypeptides rich in amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which have both hydrophilic (– NH â‚‚,– COOH) and hydrophobic (aliphatic side chains) practical teams.
This double fondness allows the molecules to adsorb efficiently at air– water user interfaces throughout mechanical aeration, decreasing surface tension and stabilizing bubble development– a crucial demand for producing uniform cellular concrete.
Unlike artificial surfactants, pet healthy protein frothing agents are eco-friendly, non-toxic, and show exceptional compatibility with Portland concrete systems due to their ionic nature and modest pH buffering capacity.
The molecular weight distribution of the hydrolysate– typically in between 500 and 10,000 Da– straight affects foam security, drainage price, and bubble size, making procedure control during hydrolysis vital for constant efficiency.
1.2 Foam Generation Device and Microstructure Control
When diluted with water (normally at proportions of 1:20 to 1:30) and introduced right into a foam generator, the healthy protein solution develops a viscoelastic movie around entrained air bubbles under high-shear conditions.
This movie stands up to coalescence and Ostwald ripening– the diffusion-driven development of bigger bubbles at the cost of smaller ones– by forming a mechanically durable interfacial layer reinforced with hydrogen bonding and electrostatic communications.
The resulting foam exhibits high expansion ratios (generally 15– 25:1) and low drain prices (
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