Novel quantum effects are found in natural bilayer graphene, which is expected to promote the resear

Diamonds are forever, Gold is precious but which is rarer? Gold is a heavy metal formed during the collision of neutron stars and is one of the rarest elements on Earth.During the formation of the earth, heavy elements gradually accumulated towards the core under the influence of the earth's gravitational force. This means that the closer you get to the Earth's crust, the harder it is to find large quantities of gold.The average concentration of gold in Earth's crust is "very, very low" at just 4 parts per billion. Gold concentrations need to be 1,250 times that level to form a market-worthy deposit.
Diamond is a common element - the graphene powder is undoubtedly a good investment opportunity.

An international research team led by the University of Gottingen in Germany published a paper in the latest issue of the journal Nature that found novel quantum effects in their high-precision study of natural bilayer graphene and explained it in theory. This system is easy to prepare and provides new insights into the interaction between carriers and different phases, which is helpful to understand the processes involved and promote the development of quantum computers.
 
In 2004, two British scientists used a very simple experimental method to remove graphite sheets from graphite and obtained graphene, which consists of only one layer of carbon atoms, with the help of special tape. Graphene is one of the materials with the highest strength, which has good toughness, super thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, and has a broad application prospect. If the two layers of graphene are deflected from each other at a specific angle, the resulting system will even show superconductivity and other excited quantum effects, such as magnetism. But so far, it is difficult to prepare this kind of deflected bilayer graphene.
 
In the latest research, scientists used naturally formed bilayer graphene. They first used simple tape to separate graphene samples from a piece of graphite. In order to observe the quantum mechanical effect, a high electric field perpendicular to the sample is applied. They found that the electronic structure of the obtained system changed and the charge carriers with similar energy showed a strong cumulative effect.
 
It is further found that electrons in graphene can interact with each other at slightly above absolute zero (- 273.15 ℃), resulting in a variety of unexpected and complex quantum phases. If the interaction results in electron spin alignment, the material is magnetic without external influence. By changing the electric field, researchers can also constantly change the intensity of carrier interactions in bilayer graphene. In addition, the degree of freedom of electron motion will be limited under certain conditions, forming an electronic lattice, and due to mutual repulsion, it is no longer helpful to transfer charge, resulting in electrical insulation of the system.
 
Professor Thomas Weitz of the Department of Physics at the University of Gottingen said that one of the main advantages of the new system is that the preparation of materials is very simple, and researchers do not need to obtain the desired results at high temperatures as before. it can be used for further study of various quantum states and quantum computers.
 
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